Creating a disk image (for your Mac or for your PC) is a very efficient way of backing up your files, folders, and everything else on your computer. It greatly reduces the setup time in case of failures because the disk image will take care of everything. It will restore your OS, installed software, files, and everything else. You can create a disk image and burn it on a DVD or store it on an external HDD or a USB-stick.
PS: If you're not very keen on laboring through the process yourself, you'll find some great utilities here and here.
Purchase online cloud storage that you can access from anywhere, at any time. Also, you need to store files in separate, specific folders, and organize them properly. Later, set up automated jobs to back up the folders you want. Setting up an automated approach will help you in saving and backing up all your important documents and it will save you time as well.